2021年英语高考真题及答案(2021年英语高考真题及答案乙卷)

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历年全国统一考试高考英语试卷【2021年整理】(7)

第三部分阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

F.ScottFitzgerald,bornonSeptember24,1896,anAmericannovelist,wasonceastudentofSt.PaulAcademy,theNewmanSchoolandattendedPrinceton.Universityforashortwhile.In1917hejoinedthearmyandwaspostedinAlabama,wherehemethisfuturewifeZeldaSayre.Thenhehadtomakesomemoneytoimpressher.

Hislifewithherwasfullofgreathappiness,ashewroteinhisdiary:“MyownhappinessinthepastoftenapproachedsuchjoythatIcouldshareitevenwiththepersondearesttomebuthadtowalkitawayinquietstreetsandtakedownpartsofitinmydiary.”

Thissideofparadise,hisfirstnovel,waspublishedin1920.encouragedbyitssuccess,Fitzgeraldbegantodevotemoretimetohiswriting.ThenhecontinuedwiththenoveltheBeautifulandDamned(1922),acollectionofshortstoriesThalesoftheJazzAge(1922),andaplayTheVegetable(1923).ButhisgreatestsuccesswasTheGreatGatsby,publishedin1925,whichquickbroughthimpraisefromtheliteraryworld.Yetitfailedtogivehimtheneededfinancialsecurity.Then,in1926,hepublishedanothercollectionlfshortstoriesAlltheSadYoungMen.

However,Fitzgerald’sproblemswithhiswifeZeldaaffectedhiswriting.Duringthe1920shetriedtoreorderhislife,butfailed.By1930,hiswifehadherfirstbreakdownandwenttoaSwissclinic.DuringthisperiodhecompletednovelsTenderIstheNightin1934andTheloveofthelastTycoonin1940.whilehiswifewasinhospitalintheUnitedStates,hegottotallyaddictedtoalcohol.SheilaGraham,hisdearfriend,helpedhimfighthisalcoholism.

56.HowmanynovelswrittenbyFitzgeraldarementionedinthepassage?

A.5B.6C.7D.8

57.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectordertodescribeFitzgerald’slifeaccordingtothepassage?

a.Hebecameaddictedtodrinking.

b.HestudiedatSt.PaulAcademy.

c.HepublishedhisfirstnovelThisSideofParadise.

d.TheGreatGatsbywonhighpraise.

e.Hefailedtoreorderhislife.

f.HejoinedthearmyandmetZelda.

A.f-c-e-a-b-dB.b-e-a-f-c-dC.f-d-e-c-b-aD.b-f-c-d-e-a

58.WecaninferfromthepassagethatFitzgerald.

A.hadmadesomemoneywhenhemetZeldainAlabama.

B.waswelleducatedandwelloffbeforeheservedinthearmy

C.wouldhavecompletedmoreworksifhiswifehadn’tbrokendown

D.helpedhisfriendgetridofdrinkingwhilehiswifewasinhospital

59.Thepassageisprobablyfollowedbyaconcludingparagraphabout.

A.Zelda’spersonallife

B.Zelda’sillnessandtreatment

C.Fitzgerald’sfriendshipwithGraham

D.Fitzgerald’scontributionstotheliteraryworld

B

ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthenostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,fotmanyofthepoorestregions(地区)oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter.

Acrossthedevelopingworld,around45%offamilieshadaTVin1995;by2005thenumberhadclimbedabove60%.ThatissomewaybehindtheU.S.,wherearemoreTVsthanpeople,andwherepeoplenoweasilygetaccesstotheInternet.Fivemillionmorefamiliesinsub-SaharanAfricawillgeraTVoverthenextfiveyears.In2005,afterthefalloftheTaliban(塔利班),whichhadoutlawedTV,Iin5Afghanshadone.Theglobaltotalisanother150millionby2013——pushingthenumberstowellbeyondtwothirdsoffamilies.

Television’smostpowerfuleffectwillbeonthelivesofwomen.InIndia,researchersRobertJensenandEmilyOsterfoumdthatwhenTVsreachedvillages,womenweremorelikelytogotothemarketwithouttheirhusbandsapprovalandlesslikelytowantaboyratherthanagirl.TheyweremorelikelytomakedecisionsoverchildhealthcareTVisalsoapowerfulmediumforadulteducation.IntheIndianstateofGujarat,ChitrageetisapopularshowthatplaysBollywoodsongswithwordsinGujarationthescreen.Withinsixmonths,viewershadmadeasmallbutsignificant(有意义的)improvementintheirreadingskills.

ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwide.

60.Theunderlinedword“outlawed”inparagraph2probablymeans“”.

A.allowedB.bannedC.offeredD.refused

61.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.AmericansusedtogetaccesstotheInterneteasily.

B.Theworld’sTVsetswilltotal150millionby2013.

C.45%offamiliesinthedevelopingcountrieshadaTVin2005.

D.OvertwothirdsoffamiliesintheworldwillhaveaTVby2013.

62.Theauthorintendsto.

A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slives

B.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependnt

C.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskills

D.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle

63.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TVWillRuletheWorldB.TVWillDisturbtheWorld

C.TVWillBettertheWorldD.TVWillRemaininWorld

C

Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’edsiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.

Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.

Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvitonmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.

HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive(主管)oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes：“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclocdisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamediun-termbenefitforthebrand.”

Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessesbobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions(排放).Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.

TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted(授予)thestandard,theycanusealogo(标识)inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.

64.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.

B.Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.

C.Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.

D.Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.

65.Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.

A.affectB.changeC.disturbD.reject

66.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.

A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissions

B.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppers

C.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissions

D.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere

67.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.

A.haveastrongdesiretoreducecosts

B.usethesamelogointheirmarketing

C.gainadvantagesbytakingearlyaction

D.attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods

D

ColumbusCollege,241QueenElizabethDrive,KowloonCity

To:AllStaff

From:JakieMok,Secretary;SportsDevelopmentCommittee

Date:May20,2010

Aweekago,“SportsforLife”pregrammewassenttotheparents,requiringthemtoselectasporttheywantedtheirchildtoplay.Sincethen,ourstaffhavereceivedlotsofcallsfromparentsaskingformoreinformationaboutit.Hereisamemo(备忘录)foryourreferencewhenyouanswerthephones.

Sports1:Basketball.

Weexpectthatthiswillbethemostpopularofthefoursports.Therefore,studentsshouldbeadvisedtosignupassoonaspossible.StudentswilltakeaprevatebustoandfromKwunTongSportsPark.Tocoverthecostofhiringabus,eachstudentwillhavetopay$10eachtime.Therewillbefourbasketballcourtsavailableforourusewithoneteacherwatchingovereachgame.

Sports2:Gym

WewillbeusingSt.Peter’sMemorialPark.Therearetworeasonsforchoosingtheispark.Frist,itisnotverybusyandcrowdedbefore6:00pm.Second,ithaslotoftreeswithplentyofshade.Studentsmustbringalongtwobottlesofwatertopreventthirst.Threeactivities,skipping,jogging,outdooraerobics(有氧运动),allofwhicharefreeofcharge,willbearranged.Andtherewillbeateacherondutyforeachoftheactivities.

Sports3:Hiking

Hiking(远足)willtakeplaceatKowloonPeak.Theactivitiywillstartat2:30pmandfinish90minuteslater.Threeteacherswillaccompanythestudents,andahikinginstructorwillaccompanyeachgroupof15hikers.Eachinstructorwillcost$75/hr.

Sports4:Swimming

TheKowloonCityAqueaticCentreisa10-minutewalkfromourschool.Fourteacherswillgotothepoolandconductthegoings-onfromthepoolside.Wewillonlybeabletoreservethepoolforonehour(i.e.2:45pmto3:45pm).Onlystudentsskilfulatswimmingcantakeupthisactivity.Thepoolwillhavetwolifuguardspresent.Girlsmustwearaswimmingsuit.Thecostis$10pervisit.

68.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Studentsselectingbasketballhadbetterregisterearly.

B.Studentsparticipatingingymshouldarriveat6:00pm.

C.Hikingusuallybeginsat2:30pmandlasts2hours.

D.Studentshavingswimmingsuitscantakeupswimming.

69.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

A.studentstakingpartinbasketballwillwalktothecourts.

B.everystudentcangainadmissiontooneofthefoursports

C.hikingstudentscanhavearegularrestintheshadeoftrees

D.studentstakingupthefoursportsshouldbringbottlesofwater

70.Itcanbeconcludedthat

A.eachsportwilltakeonlyonhour

B.studentswillbechaargedforthefoursports

C.allthesportswilltakeplaceatKowloonPeak

D.teacherswillaccompanystudentsoneachsport

71.Thepurposeofthememoisto

A.attractstudents’interestintheprogramme

B.requiretheparentstoselectasportfortheirchinld

C.helpthestaffexplaintheprogrammetotheparents

D.remindteachersandlifeguardstobepresentontime

E

IntheUnitedStatcs,thereweresomewell-constructedhousesfornativeIndians,rangingfromthesimplebrushsheltertothefive-storiedpueblo.

IntheeastemUnitedStates,oneoftheexistingtypeswasthatcommonlyknowundertheAlgonkiannameofwigwaminwhichtheIroquoisIndianslived.Thewigwamswereofwagon-topshapewithstraightsidesandends,madebybendingyoungtreestoformtheroundshape.OverthisshapepiecesoftreebarkwerelaidtoprotecttheIndiansfrombadweather.Overthebarkdriedgrasswasadded.Asmallholeallowdesmoketoescapefromthetop.Doorwaysateachenservedalsoaswindows,TheIroquoisIndiansbuilttrunkwallsallaroundtheirvillages.Thewallhadonlyoneopening,Theycouldquicklyclosethiscpeningiftheirenemiescamenear.

Interestingly,theChoctawIndiansinMississippialsolivedinawigwamofamostprimitive(原始的)construction,butdifferentfromthoseoftheIroquoisIndians.TheChoctawIndians’wigwams,madefrommud,caneandstraw,wereintheformofabee-hive.Thecoveringwasmadeofalong,toughgrass.Apostinthecentresupportedtheroof.Aholeinthetopadmittedthelight,andallowedthesmoketopassout.

Thetipitent-housingoftheupperlakeandplainsareawasputupwithpolessetlightlyintheground,tiedtogethernearthetop,andcoveredwithbarkandgrassinthelakecountry.Itwaseasilyportable,andtwowomencouldsetituportakeitdownwithinanhour.

ThePawnee,MandanandotherIndiantribes(部落)alongtheMissouribuiltsolidring-shapedstructhuresoftrunk,coveredwithearthanddriedgrass,housingadozenfamilies.

TheWichitaandothertribesoftheTexasborderbuiltlargering-shapedhousescoveredwithdriedgrass.

Apartfromtheregularhousing,almosteverytribehadsomestyleofhousing.

72.WhichofthefollwingpicturesshowsthehousefortheIroquoisIndians?

73.Accordingtothepassage,thePawneeIndiansbuilttheirhouses_____.

A.withopeningsinthetrunkwallsB.largeenoughforseveralfamilies

C.inaringshapewithbarkandmudD.bybendingyoungtreestoformtheshape

74.AllthenativeIndianhousesdescribedinthepassagewere_____.

A.ofthesameshapeB.coveredwithgrass

C.builtwithapostinthecentreD.builtwithdoorwaysateachend

75.Thepassagesuggeststhat________

A.allthenativeIndiansbuilttrunkwallsallaroundtheirhouses

B.allthenativeIndianhouseswerebuiltwithpolestiedtogether

C.theIroquoisIndianstooksafetyintoaccountwhilebuildingtheirwigwams

D.theChoctawIndiansinMississippibuilttheirwigwamswithstraightsidesandends

第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共35分)

2021年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解B

Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline?

几乎每个人都有手机，那为什么超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍在为座机付费？

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.

如今，在澳大利亚很难15岁以上的人几乎个个有手机。实际上，很多小孩子口袋里都有。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话。

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket-19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

然而，根据一项调查，55%的澳大利亚人家里有座机，只有略高于四分之一（29%）的人只依赖智能手机。在那些仍有座机的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人认为不是真的需要座机，只是把它当作一条安全毯——19%的人说他们从来不用，另有13%的人保留它是为了应付紧急情况。我认为我的家庭属于这一类。

MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor-only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn'ttheonlyfactor;I'dsayit'salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.

超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然选择使用座机。年龄自然是一个因素——Y一代中只有58%仍然偶尔使用座机，而婴儿潮一代中有84%的人可能50年来一直拥有相同的家庭号码。年龄不是唯一的因素；我想这也和你的家庭构成有关。

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).

这样拥有年轻家庭的X一代，比如我和我的妻子还是认为拥有一部座机比为每个家庭成员提供一部手机更方便。说实话，只有婴儿潮一代的父母会打我们的座机，在我们拿起电话之前，我们会玩一个游戏，猜猜谁在打电话（来电显示会让我们失去乐趣）。

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?

你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早上送牛奶的老路？

2021年高考英语全国卷 - 阅读理解C

WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowlwerekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.

当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天空和大地上到处都是各种各样的野生动物，美洲土著人智慧地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。然而仅仅几十年，探险家和定居者们就夺走了这些资源中的大部分。数百万只水鸟在市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员手中被杀。上百万英亩，用于喂养和容纳不断增加的水禽种群的湿地干涸，水禽栖息地大大减少。

In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratorywaterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.

1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎邮票法案》的通过，越来越受到关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，制止对候鸟水禽以及对它们的生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。根据该法案，所有16岁及以上的水禽猎手每年都必须购买并携带联邦鸭票。第一张联邦鸭票是由J.N.“丁”达林设计的，他是爱荷华州得梅因的一位政治漫画家，当时被富兰克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。猎人愿意购买鸭票，可以确保我们自然资源的生存。

About98percentofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.

每一张鸭票的98%直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——确保这片土地得到保护，提供给子孙后代。自1934年以来，已有超过5亿美元的资金投入该基金，用于购买超过500万英亩的栖息地。难怪联邦鸭票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一。

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