historical是什么意思，historical historical有什么区别（丽江的象形文字）

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• 1、historical是什么意思
• 2、经济学人精读 | 丽江的象形文字

1、historical是什么意思

　　historical主要用作形容词，作形容词时译为历史的、史学的、基于史实的。

　　短语搭配：

　　historicaldevelopment历史发展、种族发生。

　　historicaldata史料、历史资料。

　　historicalmaterialism历史唯物主义、历史唯物论。

　　historicalrecords历史记录、历史记载、旧案、汗青。

2、经济学人精读 | 丽江的象形文字

本文节选自《经济学人》20201010期。丽江是云南省一个风景如画的历史小镇，十一"黄金周"期间，成千上万的游客来到这里。这个小镇吸引人的地方之一在于其路牌和商店门面汉字的下方印有符号，而这些符号便是东巴象形文字。

The Dongba script

Rune revival

The world’s last living script based mainly on pictographsrelies on a tourist magnet

rune 本意是"如尼字母（属于北欧古文字体系）"，这里可以理解为指"古文字"；标题 rune revival 字面意思就是"古文字的复兴"

script意思是"（一种语言的）字母系统"

pictograph指"象形文字"

magnet本意是"磁铁，磁石"，这里指"有吸引力的地方"。

During the “golden week” national holiday that began on October 1st, hundreds of thousands of sightseers flocked to Lijiang, a picturesque historic town in the south-western province of Yunnan. Among its attractions are the symbols printed beneath the Chinese characters on road signs and shop fronts(Starbucks included). They are Dongba pictographs, an ancient form of writing that originated among the Naxi, a local ethnic group. It was almost defunct until about a decade ago, when local officials cottoned on to its touristic value and plastered the town with the script.

golden week就是指"黄金周"

sightseer意思是"观光客，游客"，相当于tourist；其动词形式是sightsee，名词形式是sightseeing，比如 go sightseeing 意思是"去观光"。

flock意思是"群集，聚集"，常和介词to搭配，表示"聚集在某地"

picturesque意思是"优美如画的，画一般的"

historic 指"有历史意义的，历史性的"；注意historic 和 historical的区别，historical指"（有关）历史的，历史学的"

attraction是attract 的名词，意思是"吸引；向往的地方"，tourist attraction 就指旅游胜地，旅游景点；attract 还有形容词形式 attractive

ethnic指"民族的，种族的"，ethnic group 指"族群"，中国的民族就可以翻译成"ethnic group"

defunct意思是"已灭绝的；不再起作用的"

cotton 用作动词，和 on 连用，构成 cotton on （to sth.）意思是"明白，意识到"；cotton 最常见的意思是它的名词含义，棉花。

plaster意思是"涂抹，贴满"

Dongba was never widely used by the Naxi, of whom there are about 300,000 living in the Himalayanfoothills near Lijiang, as well as in adjacent Tibet and Sichuan province. Their elite spoke Chinese and used it for written communications (a few Chinese characters are pictographic, but Dongba is mainly so). The pictographs, which evolved as early as the seventh century, were developed by shamans of the Dongba faith, which has roots in Tibet. When called upon, the wizardswoulddon a five-lobed crown and prayfordivinefavours. The roughly 2,000 pictographs would help them to recall the chants. As in ancient Egypt, the glyphs were also used as rebuses (ie, for their sounds alone) to form new words.

foothill指"山麓小丘"

adjacent意思是"邻近的"

elite指"社会精英，上层人士"

evolve意思是"逐步发展；进化"，其名词形式是"evolvement"

shaman意思是"（萨满教的）僧人，道士"

wizard意思是"男巫，术士"

don指"戴上，披上"

five- lobed表示"有五瓣的"；lobe意思是"叶，瓣"

pray指"祈祷，祷告"，其名词形式是prayer

divine意思是"天赐的"

chant指"祷文，圣歌"；其作动词时指"反复呼喊"

glyph意思是"象形文字，石雕符号"，类似于前文的pictograph

rebus意思是"（以图画和字母混合构成的）图形字谜"

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