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- 1、人教版八年级下册 U1-U5期中考点复习
- 2、afew和few的区别
1、人教版八年级下册 U1-U5期中考点复习
Unit 1
1.It’s +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是......的。
2.It’s important to do sth . 做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的。
3.It’s easy to do sth. 做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer.
找出答案对我们来说是容易的
4. few、a few、little、a little 的区别和联系
(1)few / a few 用来修饰可数名词。
few 表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有;
a few 表示有肯定意思， 有几个。
例如:
He has few friends here, and he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket.
篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
(2)little / a little 用来修饰不可数名词。
little 表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。
a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。
例如:
There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗?
5. What’ s the matter?
怎么啦?出什么事情了?
What’ s the matter with you?
= What’s the trouble with you?
= What’ s wrong with you?
6. I had a cold.我感冒了。
(1)have a cold
=catch a cold感冒
have the flu 流感
(2)have a fever 发烧
have a cough 咳嗽
have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼
have a toothache 牙疼
have a headache 头疼
7. 身体部位+ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache 胃痛
head+ache=headache 头痛
tooth+ache=toothache 牙痛
back+ache=backache 后背痛
8.lots of=a lot of, 许多，大量;
a lot 十分，很
(1) a lot of=lots of 可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。
There are lots of ( a lot of) books in our library.我们图书馆里有许多书。
There is a lot of water style="">
(1)try on 试穿
(2) try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】
(3) try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】
(4)try one’s best to do sth
= do one’s best to do sth
尽某人最大努力做某事
9 .hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。
I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务
hate doing sth 不愿意做某事，表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。
She hates smoking in her room.她讨厌在她的房间里抽烟。
10.ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。
ask for 请求，要某物
ask sb.about sth 向某人询问关于某事
ask sb.for help 向某人请求帮助
ask sb. not to do sth 不让某人做某事
ask for help 寻求帮助
11.help v 帮助 → helpful adj.有帮助的
(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth.
帮助某人做某事
(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help 在某人的帮助之下 (3)without the help of 没有在...的帮助之下
12. invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人去某地
invite v → invitation n 邀请
(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2)invite sb. to+地点 邀请某人去某地
13.make sb. do sth 让某人做某事
make →made →made v. 做，制作，使得
14.have time to do sth.有时间做某事
15.a waste of 浪费
a waste of time 浪费时间
a waste of money 浪费金钱
16.spend... on sth 在某事上花费......
spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
◆ sb.+spend +时间/钱+on sth
◆sb. +spend +时间/钱+(in) doing sth
He spends too much time on the computer games. 他花太多时间在电脑游戏上了。 (2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
◆sb.+ pay+ 钱+for sth
I paid 10 yuan for the book.我花了 10 元买这本书。 (3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱
A new computer costs me a lot of money.一台新电脑花了我不少钱。
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间
It took him 3 hours to do his homework.他做作业花了 3 个小时。
17. (1) provide
为应急等做好准备而“提供;供给”
provide sb. with sth.=provide sth for sb.
提供某人某物
(2) offer
侧重表示“愿意给予”
offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.
对某人提供某物
offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
(3) supply
定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品
supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物
18. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.
无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。
anyway 无论如何, (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开)
19. do one’s part 尽职责;尽本分
do one’s part in doing sth
在做某事上尽职责
20. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped.
结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。
as a result 结果(插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开)
21.fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡
22.The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。
the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越...... 越...... ” The more you smile, the happier you will feel. 你笑得越多，你就会越开心。
Unit 4
1.Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢?
2.allow v 允许
allow doing sth 允许做某事
They don’t allow smoking. 他们不允许抽烟。
allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事
be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
3.What’s wrong( with sb./ sth) (某人/物) 怎么了?
4.find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class. 王老师发现李东在课堂上读故事书。
5.angry adj. 生气的
angrily adv. 生气地
(1) be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气
(2) (2)be angry at/about sth 对某事感到生气
(3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气
6.although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。 though / although 不能与 but 连用
7.leave v 遗忘,留下
leave sth somewhere 把某物忘在某地 8.hope v 希望
hope to do sth
hope + that 从句 (表示希望)
wish v 希望
wish to do sth
wish sb.to do sth
wish +that 从句 表示愿望,从句用虚拟语气 9..get on with sb
=get along with sb 和某人和睦相处;和某人关系良好 get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏
10..argue 争吵
argument n 争论
have an argument with sb.与某人辩论
argue with sb. 与某人争吵
argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事
11.hang over 挂在......之上; 悬浮在......之上 hang out 闲逛;常去某处
hang on to 紧紧抓住
hang up 挂电话;悬挂
12..elder adj.年纪较长的
elder 用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系,常用作定语
older 泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系,可以用作表语,是 old 的比较级形式。 13.be nice to sb.
be friendly to sb.
be good to sb.
对某人友好
14..refuse =say no to v 拒绝 refuse to do sth 拒绝去做某事
15.instead 代替,反而,替
(1) instead 副词 代替,常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情。
Tom was ill so I went instead.汤姆病了,所以我去了。
(2) instead of +n/doing 代替,而不是,放在句中
instead of 为介词短语,后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。例: She wrote to him instead of calling him.
=She didn't call him. She wrote to him instead.
她没有给他打电话，而是写信给他。
16.communicate v 交流 communication n 交流;沟通 communicate with sb. 和某人交流
17..explain 解释;说明
explanation n 解释;说明
explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。
explain to sb sth 给某人解释某事
18.be worried about sth. 担心某事
worry v 担心 → worried adj. 焦急的
worry about = be worried about 为......担心 19. return
(1)v 归还=give back
return ... to ... = give back to ...
把......还给......
(2) v 回来;返回 = come back
20.opinion n 意见;想法;看法
in one’s opinion 以某人的观点;在某人看来 give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。
21.cut up 切碎
cut down 砍到
cut in 插队
cut off 切断(水、电)供应
cut out 删除;删去 (v+adv)
22.succeed v 成功,达到
→success n 成功
→successful adj 成功的
→successfully adv 成功地
◆succeed in doing sth
23.compareAwith B 将A和B 比较 (1)compare...with... 把......与.....做比较 (2) compare...to... 把.....比做......
24.keep on doing 继续做某事
keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事 keep up with 跟上
keep sb. from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 keep away from 避开
Unit 5
1. arrive at 到达(小地方)
arrive in 到达(大地方)
2. in front of... 在 ...... 的前面 (某一范围外的前面) in the front of ... 在 ...... 的前面(某一范围内的前面)
3. take off
(1)起飞
(2)脱下(衣帽等)
4. get out (of ) ... 从......离开\出去\下来
5. follow
(1) 跟随
(2) 沿着......前进
(3) 听懂,理解 I can’t follow you .
(4 )follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事
6. amazing 形容词,修饰名词令人惊奇的, 令人惊讶的
be amazed at ... 对...... 感到惊讶
Everyone was amazed at the bad news . 每个人对这个坏消息都感到惊讶。
7. shout at 大声喊叫 多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊
shout to 大声喊叫 多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊
8.happen 发生 具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生 sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事
9. anywhere 任何地方 常用于否定句或疑问句中. somewhere 某个地方 用于肯定句
everywhere 处处, 到处 = here and there 10. silence 名词, 寂静
Keep in silence . 保持沉默.
silent 形容词, 沉默的, 寂静的
The old house was quite silent . 这所老房子寂静无声。
11. (1) hear of 听说 , 后接表示人或物的词
I have never heard of him before . 我以前从来没有听说过他.
( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词
Have you heard about the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗?
(3 ) hear from 收到某人的来信
I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday .我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。
12. have fun
玩得开心,过得愉快
have fun doing sth.开心做某事
I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。
13 .be afraid of sth 害怕某物
afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
He is afraid to go out at night . 他害怕晚上出去。
be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
He is afraid of going out at night .他害怕晚上出去。
14.(1)think about 考虑 (某个计划 )
They are thinking about moving to Beijing . 他们考虑搬去北京。 (2)think of 认为
What do you think of the movie ?
=how do you like the movie ?
(3)think over 仔细思考
We need a few days to think over this matter . 我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。
2、afew和few的区别
afew和few的区别few的意思是“很少的…，几乎没有的…”,表示“虽然有，但很少”、强调“少”，表示否定的意思；a few的意思是“少数的…，几个…，一些…”，表示“虽然少，但还有”、强调“有”，表示肯定之意，两者之间的差别主要是主观上的，而不是实际数字上的差别。
例句：
（1）There are a few things I need to buy.
我得买些东西。
（2）There are few things I need to buy.
我不需要买什么东西。
再补充学习一下，quite a few 表示“很多”。
例句：There are quite a few things I need to buy.
我需要买很多东西。
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